One-click Linux installation: Supports 17 common distributions.
One-click Windows installation: Uses the official ISO for installation instead of custom images. The script automatically retrieves the ISO link and installs Virtio and other drivers.
Supports installation in any direction, i.e., Linux to Linux, Linux to Windows, Windows to Windows, Windows to Linux
No need to input IP parameters; automatically recognizes dynamic and static IPs, supports /32, /128, gateway outside subnet, IPv6 only, dual NIC and other special network configurations
Specially optimized for low-spec servers, requires less memory than the official netboot
Uses partition table ID to identify hard drives throughout the process, ensuring no wrong disk is written
Supports BIOS and EFI boot, and ARM Server
No homemades image included, all resources are obtained in real-time from mirror sites
Includes many comments.

System Requirements

The original system can be any system listed in the table.

The system requirements for the target system are as follows:

Target System	Version	Memory	Disk
Alpine	3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21	256 MB	1 GB
Debian	9, 10, 11, 12	256 MB	1 ~ 1.5 GB ^
Kali	Rolling	256 MB	1 ~ 1.5 GB ^
Ubuntu	16.04 LTS - 24.04 LTS, 24.10	512 MB *	2 GB
Anolis	7, 8, 23	512 MB *	5 GB
RHEL AlmaLinux Rocky Oracle	8, 9	512 MB *	5 GB
OpenCloudOS	8, 9, Stream 23	512 MB *	5 GB
CentOS	9, 10	512 MB *	5 GB
Fedora	40, 41	512 MB *	5 GB
openEuler	20.03 LTS - 24.03 LTS, 24.09	512 MB *	5 GB
openSUSE	15.6, Tumbleweed (Rolling)	512 MB *	5 GB
NixOS	24.11	512 MB	5 GB
Arch	Rolling	512 MB	5 GB
Gentoo	Rolling	512 MB	5 GB
Windows (DD)	Any	512 MB	Depends on image
Windows (ISO)	Vista, 7, 8.x (Server 2008 - 2012 R2)	512 MB	25 GB
Windows (ISO)	10, 11 (Server 2016 - 2025)	1 GB	25 GB

* Indicates installation using cloud images, not traditional network installation.

^ Indicates requiring either 256 MB memory + 1.5 GB disk, or 512 MB memory + 1 GB disk

Warning

❌ This script does not support OpenVZ or LXC virtual machines.

Please use https://github.com/LloydAsp/OsMutation instead.

Download (Current system is Linux)

For server outside China:

curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O reinstall.sh $_

For server inside China:

curl -O https://gitlab.com/bin456789/reinstall/-/raw/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O reinstall.sh $_

Download (Current system is Windows)

Important

Before proceeding, please disable the 'Real-time protection' feature in Windows Defender. This feature may prevent certutil from downloading any files.

Resolving Script Download Issues on Windows 7

Due to lack of support for TLS 1.2, SHA-256, or outdated root certificates, Windows Vista, 7, and Server 2008 (R2) may not be able to download scripts automatically. Manual downloading is required, as follows:

Use Internet Explorer (enable TLS 1.2 in IE's advanced settings first) to download, or use Remote Desktop to save the following two files into the same directory:

To use, run the downloaded reinstall.bat.

For server outside China:

certutil -urlcache -f -split https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat

For server inside China:

certutil -urlcache -f -split https://gitlab.com/bin456789/reinstall/-/raw/main/reinstall.bat

Usage

All features can be used on both Linux and Windows.

on Linux, execute bash reinstall.sh
on Windows, execute .\reinstall.bat

Feature 1: Install Linux

The username is root with a default password of 123@@@.
When installing the latest version, the version number does not need to be specified.
Maximizes disk space usage: no boot partition (except for Fedora) and no swap partition.
Automatically selects different optimized kernels based on machine type, such as Cloud or HWE kernels.
When installing Red Hat, you must provide the qcow2 image link obtained from https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/rhel. You can also install other RHEL-based OS, such as Alibaba Cloud Linux and TencentOS Server.
After reinstallation, if you need to change the SSH port or switch to key-based login, make sure to also modify the files inside /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/.

bash reinstall.sh anolis      7|8|23
                  opencloudos 8|9|23
                  rocky       8|9
                  redhat      8|9   --img='http://xxx.com/xxx.qcow2'
                  oracle      8|9
                  almalinux   8|9
                  centos      9|10
                  fedora      40|41
                  nixos       24.11
                  debian      9|10|11|12
                  opensuse    15.6|tumbleweed
                  alpine      3.18|3.19|3.20|3.21
                  openeuler   20.03|22.03|24.03|24.09
                  ubuntu      16.04|18.04|20.04|22.04|24.04|24.10 [--minimal]
                  kali
                  arch
                  gentoo

Optional Parameters

--password PASSWORD Set the password
--ssh-port PORT Change the SSH port (for log observation during installation and for the new system)
--web-port PORT Change the Web port (for log observation during installation)
--hold 2 Prevent reboot after installation completes, allowing SSH login to modify system content; the system is mounted at /os (this feature is not supported on Debian/Kali).

Tip

When installing Debian/Kali, x86 architectures can monitor the installation progress through VNC in the background, while ARM architectures can use the serial console.

When installing other systems, can monitor the progress through various methods (SSH, HTTP 80 port, VNC in the background, serial console).
Even if errors occur during the installation process, you can still install to Alpine via SSH by running /trans.sh alpine

Experimental Features

Install Debian using a cloud image

Suitable for machines with slower CPUs

bash reinstall.sh debian --ci

Install CentOS, AlmaLinux, Rocky, Fedora using ISO

Only supports machines with more than 2G of memory and dynamic IP.
Password is 123@@@, and the SSH port is 22; modifying them using parameters is not supported.

bash reinstall.sh centos --installer

Install Ubuntu using ISO

Only supports machines with more than 1G of memory and dynamic IP.
Password is 123@@@, and the SSH port is 22; modifying them using parameters is not supported.

bash reinstall.sh ubuntu --installer

Feature 2: DD

Supports raw and vhd image formats (either uncompressed or compressed as .gz, .xz, .zst, .tar, .tar.gz, .tar.xz, .tar.zst).
When deploy a Windows image, the system disk will be automatically expanded, and machines with a static IP will have their IP configured, and may take a few minutes after the first boot for the configuration to take effect.
When deploy a Linux image, will NOT modify any contents of the image.

bash reinstall.sh dd --img https://example.com/xxx.xz

Optional parameters

--allow-ping Allow ping responses (DD Windows only)
--rdp-port PORT Change RDP port (DD Windows only)
--ssh-port PORT Change SSH port (for log observation during installation)
--web-port PORT Change Web port (for log observation during installation)
--hold 2 Prevent reboot after the DD process finishes, allowing SSH login to modify system content. The Windows system will be mounted at /os, but Linux systems will NOT be automatically mounted.

Tip

Can monitor the progress through various methods (SSH, HTTP 80 port, VNC in the background, serial console).
Even if errors occur during the installation process, you can still install to Alpine via SSH by running /trans.sh alpine

Feature 3: Reboot to Alpine Live OS (RAM OS)

You can use SSH to backup/restore disk, manually perform DD operations, modify partitions, and manually install Alpine, Arch, Gentoo, and other systems.
Username root, Default password 123@@@
If manual operations do not damage the original system, rebooting will return to the original system.

bash reinstall.sh alpine --hold=1

Optional parameters

--password PASSWORD Set password
--ssh-port PORT Change SSH port

Feature 4: Reboot to netboot.xyz

Can manually install more systems using vendor backend VNC.
If manual operations do not damage the original system, rebooting will return to the original system.

bash reinstall.sh netboot.xyz

Feature 5: Install Windows ISO

Username administrator, Default password 123@@@
If remote login fails, try using the username .\administrator.
The machine with a static IP will automatically configure the IP. It may take a few minutes to take effect on the first boot.
Supports all languages.

Supported Systems

Windows (Vista ~ 11)
Windows Server (2008 ~ 2025)
- Windows Server Essentials *
- Windows Server (Semi) Annual Channel *
- Hyper-V Server *
- Azure Stack HCI *

Method 1: Let the Script Automatically Search for ISO

Caution

The ISO repository currently prohibits direct link downloads, so this method is no longer effective.

The script will search for ISOs from https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media, a site that collects official ISOs.
Systems marked with * do not support automatic ISO searching.

bash reinstall.sh windows \
     --image-name 'Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024' \
     --lang zh-cn

Supported languages

ar-sa
bg-bg
cs-cz
da-dk
de-de
el-gr
en-gb
en-us
es-es
es-mx
et-ee
fi-fi
fr-ca
fr-fr
he-il
hr-hr
hu-hu
it-it
ja-jp
ko-kr
lt-lt
lv-lv
nb-no
nl-nl
pl-pl
pt-pt
pt-br
ro-ro
ru-ru
sk-sk
sl-si
sr-latn-rs
sv-se
th-th
tr-tr
uk-ua
zh-cn
zh-hk
zh-tw

Method 2: Specify the ISO link manually

If you don't know the --image-name, you can enter any value. After rebooting, connect via SSH and re-enter the correct value based on the error messages.

bash reinstall.sh windows \
     --image-name 'Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024' \
     --iso 'https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2289029'

The following website provides ISO links.

Optional parameters

--password PASSWORD Set Password
--allow-ping Configures the Windows firewall to allow ping requests
--rdp-port PORT Change RDP port
--ssh-port PORT Change SSH port (for log observation during installation)
--web-port PORT Change Web port (for log observation during installation)
--add-driver-dir DIR Adds an additional driver folder, specifying the folder where the .inf file is located.
- The driver must be downloaded locally first.
- This parameter can be set multiple times to add different driver folders.
- The script will copy the entire folder, so no other files should be placed inside the folder.
--hold 2 Allow SSH connections for modifying the disk content before rebooting into the official Windows installation program, with the disk mounted at /os.

The script will automatic download and install the following drivers as needed, without the need for manual addition

Virtio (Virtio, Alibaba Cloud)
XEN (XEN, Citrix, AWS)
AWS (ENA Network Adapter, NVMe Storage Controller)
GCP (gVNIC Network Adapter, GGA Display Adapter)
Azure (MANA Network Adapter)
Intel (VMD Storage Controller)

How to Specify the Image Name `--image-name`

Typically, an ISO will contain multiple system versions, such as Home Edition and Professional Edition. The image name --image-name is used to specify the version to be installed, and it is case-insensitive when entered.

You can use tools like DISM, DISM++, or Wimlib to query the image names included in the ISO.

Commonly used image names include:

Windows 7 Ultimate
Windows 11 Pro
Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024
Windows Server 2025 SERVERDATACENTER

How to Use DISM++ to Query the Image Names Included in the ISO

Open File menu > Open Image File, select the iso to be installed to get the image name (full system name), and all available image names are installable.

Warning

Vista (Server 2008) and 32-bit systems may lack drivers.

Warning

For EFI machines without CSM enabled, Windows 7 (Server 2008 R2) cannot be installed.

Hyper-V (Azure) requires selecting the appropriate VM generation: https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/plan/should-i-create-a-generation-1-or-2-virtual-machine-in-hyper-v

Warning

In the Chinese version of Windows 10 LTSC 2021 ISO zh-cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_033b7312.iso, the wsappx process may indefinitely consume CPU resources.

The solution is to update the system patches or manually install the VCLibs library https://www.google.com/search?q=ltsc+wsappx.

Considerations for Installing Windows on ARM

Most ARM machines support installing Windows 11 24H2.

During the installation process, you might encounter a black screen, and the serial console may display ConvertPages: failed to find range, but neither issue affects the installation.

Compatibility	Cloud Provider	Instance Type	Issues
✔️	Azure	B2pts_v2
✔️	Alibaba Cloud	g6r, c6r
✔️	Alibaba Cloud	g8y, c8y, r8y	There is a chance of hanging at the boot logo during restart; forced reboot will resolve it.
✔️	AWS	T4g
✔️	Scaleway	COPARM1
✔️	Gcore
❔	Oracle Cloud	A1.Flex	Installation success is not guaranteed; newer instances are more likely to succeed. Manual loading of GPU drivers is required after installation.
❌	Google Cloud	t2a	Missing network card drivers

Loading Graphics Driver on Oracle Cloud

Log in to the server using Remote Desktop, open Device Manager, locate the graphics card, select "Update Driver," and choose Red Hat VirtIO GPU DOD controller from the list. There's no need to download the drivers in advance.