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<!-- markdownlint-disable MD028 MD033 MD045 -->
# reinstall
[![Codacy Badge](https://app.codacy.com/project/badge/Grade/dc679a17751448628fe6d8ac35e26eed)](https://app.codacy.com/gh/bin456789/reinstall/dashboard?utm_source=gh&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=&utm_campaign=Badge_grade)
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One-click reinstallation script
[中文](README.md) | English
Reinstall server with one-click [中文](README.md)
## Highlights
- Support arbitrary conversion between the following systems (including Windows to Linux).
- Compatible low-spec servers and automatically select the appropriate official slimmed-down kernel.
- Supports installing Windows using the official ISO.
- Automatically detect dynamic/static IPv4/IPv6, eliminating the need to fill in IP/mask/gateway (even for DD/ISO installation of Windows).
- Supports BIOS, EFI, ARM. The original system partition supports LVM, Btrfs.
- Progress of DD and cloud image installation can be viewed through SSH, HTTP port 80, serial console, and vendor backend VNC.
- The script does not include third-party homemade packages; all resources are obtained in real-time from the source site.
- Support installation of 12 common Linux distributions.
- Support for installing Windows using the official original ISO. The script can automatically search for the ISO and drivers.
- Support reinstallation in any direction, meaning `Linux to Linux`, `Linux to Win`, `Win to Win`, `Win to Linux`.
- Specifically tailored for low-spec machines, addressing insufficient memory that prevents network installation.
- Automatically detect dynamic and static IPv4 / IPv6, eliminating the need to fill in IP / subnet mask / gateway.
- Support ARM, BIOS, EFI boot, with original system supporting LVM, BTRFS.
- No third-party custom packages included, all resources obtained in real-time from source sites.
- Includes many comments.
## System Requirements
| Target System | Memory | Disk |
| -------------------------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------------- |
| Alpine | 256 MB | 1 GB |
| Debian / Kali | 256 MB | 1~1.5 GB ^ |
| Ubuntu | 512 MB \* | 2 GB |
| CentOS / Alma / Rocky / Oracle | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| Fedora | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| openSUSE | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| Arch | 512 MB | 5 GB |
| Gentoo | 512 MB | 5 GB |
| DD | 512 MB | Depending on the image |
| Windows 8.1 (Server 2012 R2) or below (ISO installation) | 512 MB | 20~25 GB |
| Windows 10 (Server 2016) or above (ISO installation) | 1G | 20~25 GB |
| Target System | Version | Memory | Disk |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------------- |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.alpinelinux.org/alpine-logo.ico" /> Alpine | 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20 | 256 MB | 1 GB |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.debian.org/favicon.ico" /> Debian | 10, 11, 12 | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/f74b3d5b-085f-4df3-bcc9-8a9bd80bb16d" /> Kali | Rolling | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://assets.ubuntu.com/v1/49a1a858-favicon-32x32.png" /> Ubuntu | 20.04, 22.04, 24.04 | 512 MB \* | 2 GB |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.centos.org/assets/img/favicon.png" /> CentOS | 7, 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.oracle.com/asset/web/favicons/favicon-32.png" /> Oracle | 7, 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://almalinux.org/fav/favicon.ico" /> Alma | 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://rockylinux.org/favicon.png" /> Rocky | 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://fedoraproject.org/favicon.ico" /> Fedora | 39, 40 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://static.opensuse.org/favicon.ico" /> openSUSE | 15.5, Tumbleweed (Rolling) | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://archlinux.org/static/favicon.png" /> Arch | Rolling | 512 MB | 5 GB |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.gentoo.org/assets/img/logo/gentoo-g.png" /> Gentoo | Rolling | 512 MB | 5 GB |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (DD) | Any | 512 MB | Depending on the image |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (ISO) | Vista, 7, 8.x (Server 2008 ~ 2012 R2) | 512 MB | 25 GB |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (ISO) | 10, 11 (Server 2016 ~ 2022) | 1 GB | 25 GB |
(\*) Indicates installation using cloud images
(\*) Indicates installation using cloud images, not traditional network installation.
(^) indicates requiring either 256 MB memory + 1.5 GB disk, or 512 MB memory + 1 GB disk
## Download (Current system is Linux)
> [!WARNING]
> ❌ This script does not support OpenVZ or LXC virtual machines.
>
> Please use <https://github.com/LloydAsp/OsMutation> instead.
For users outside China:
## System Accounts
| System | Username | Password |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------- | -------------- |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux | root | 123@@@ |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (ISO) | administrator | 123@@@ |
| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (DD) | Image username | Image password |
> [!TIP]
> If remote login to Windows fails, try using the username `.\administrator`.
## Download (Current system is <img width="20" height="20" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux)
For server outside China:
```bash
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh
```
For users in China:
For server inside China:
```bash
curl -O https://mirror.ghproxy.com/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh
```
## Download (Current system is Windows)
## Download (Current system is <img width="20" height="20" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows)
[Unable to download?](#if-the-script-cannot-be-downloaded-under-windows)
> [!IMPORTANT]
> Before proceeding, please disable the 'Real-time protection' feature in `Windows Defender`. This feature may prevent `certutil` from downloading any files.
Before proceeding, please disable the 'Real-time protection' feature in `Windows Defender`. This feature may prevent `certutil` from downloading any files.
<details>
For users outside China:
<summary>😢Still unable to download?</summary>
### Try the following methods
1. For Windows 7, install this patch to enable TLS 1.2.
<https://aka.ms/easyfix51044>
2. Update SSL root certificates.
```batch
certutil -generateSSTFromWU root.sst
certutil -addstore Root root.sst
```
3. Download manually by copying these two files through `Remote Desktop Connection`.
<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat>
<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh>
</details>
For server outside China:
```batch
certutil -urlcache -f -split https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat
```
For users in China:
For server inside China:
```batch
certutil -urlcache -f -split https://mirror.ghproxy.com/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat
@ -73,26 +117,34 @@ certutil -urlcache -f -split https://mirror.ghproxy.com/https://raw.githubuserco
## Usage
All features can be used on both Linux and Windows.
> [!TIP]
> All features can be used on both Linux and Windows.
>
> on Linux, execute `bash reinstall.sh`
>
> on Windows, execute `reinstall.bat`
- on Linux, execute `bash reinstall.sh`
- on Windows, execute `reinstall.bat`
### Feature 1: Install Linux
### Feature 1: Install <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux
- If no version number is entered, the latest version will be installed.
- When installing on a virtual machine, it will automatically select a slimmed-down kernel.
- Does not include a boot partition (except for Fedora), nor a swap partition, maximizing disk space utilization.
- When installing on a virtual machine, it will automatically select a official limmed-down kernel.
> [!TIP]
> When installing Debian / Kali, x86 architectures can monitor the installation progress through VNC in the background, while ARM architectures can use the serial console.
>
> When installing other systems, can monitor the progress through various methods (SSH, HTTP 80 port, VNC in the background, serial console).
```bash
bash reinstall.sh centos 7|8|9 (8|9 for the stream version)
oracle 7|8|9
alma 8|9
rocky 8|9
fedora 38|39|40
fedora 39|40
debian 10|11|12
opensuse 15.5|tumbleweed
ubuntu 20.04|22.04|24.04
alpine 3.16|3.17|3.18|3.19
alpine 3.17|3.18|3.19|3.20
kali
arch
gentoo
@ -103,11 +155,14 @@ bash reinstall.sh centos 7|8|9 (8|9 for the stream version)
- Supports gzip, xz formats.
- For machines with static IP, DD Windows, and the script will automatically configure the IP.
> [!TIP]
> Can monitor the progress through various methods (SSH, HTTP 80 port, VNC in the background, serial console).
```bash
bash reinstall.sh dd --img https://example.com/xxx.xz
```
### Feature 3: Reboot to Alpine Rescue System (Live OS)
### Feature 3: Reboot to <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.alpinelinux.org/alpine-logo.ico" /> Alpine Rescue System (Live OS)
- Can be connected via SSH to perform manual DD, modify partitions, manually install Arch / Gentoo, etc.
- If the disk content is not modified, rebooting again will return to the original system.
@ -116,7 +171,7 @@ bash reinstall.sh dd --img https://example.com/xxx.xz
bash reinstall.sh alpine --hold=1
```
### Feature 4: Reboot to netboot.xyz
### Feature 4: Reboot to <img width="16" height="16" src="https://netboot.xyz/img/favicon.ico" /> netboot.xyz
- Can install [more systems](https://github.com/netbootxyz/netboot.xyz?tab=readme-ov-file#what-operating-systems-are-currently-available-on-netbootxyz) using vendor backend VNC.
- If the disk content is not modified, rebooting again will return to the original system.
@ -127,10 +182,17 @@ bash reinstall.sh netboot.xyz
![netboot.xyz](https://netboot.xyz/images/netboot.xyz.gif)
### Feature 5: Install Windows ISO
### Feature 5: Install <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows ISO
- Pay attention to the quotation marks around the parameters
- Supports automatically searching for some ISO links. Need to set the language using `--lang`, default is `en-us`.
- Can automatically searching for most iso links. Need to set the language using `--lang`, default is `en-us`.
- Machines with static IP addresses will have their IPs automatically configured after installation.
- Can bypass Windows 11 installation restrictions.
> [!TIP]
> The script uses <https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media.html> as the ISO source. All ISOs provided are official originals.
> [!IMPORTANT]
> Note that parameters should be enclosed in quotation marks.
```bash
bash reinstall.sh windows \
@ -146,9 +208,28 @@ bash reinstall.sh windows \
--iso 'https://drive.massgrave.dev/en-us_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_d289cf96.iso'
```
<details>
<summary>The following website provides iso links.</summary>
- Massgrave
- <https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media.html> (Recommended, iso sourced from official channels, updated monthly, includes the latest patches)
- Microsoft
- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/indows8>
- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/indows10> (Need to open it with a mobile User-Agent)
- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/indows11>
- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/ownload-windows-10-enterprise>
- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/ownload-windows-11-enterprise>
- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/ownload-windows-server-2012-r2>
- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/ownload-windows-server-2016>
- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/ownload-windows-server-2019>
- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2022>
</details>
![Installing Windows](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/07c1aea2-1ce3-4967-904f-aaf9d6eec3f7)
Parameters Description:
#### Parameters Description
`--image-name` Specify the image to install, case-insensitive, Commonly used images include:
@ -163,78 +244,36 @@ Use `Dism++` File menu > Open Image File, select the iso to be installed to get
![image-name](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/5aae0a9b-61e2-4f66-bb98-d470a6beaac2)
1. Supported systems:
- Windows Vista to 11
- Windows Server 2008 to 2022, including the following variants
- Windows Server Essentials
- Windows Server Annual Channel
- Hyper-V Server
- Azure Stack HCI
2. The script will install the following drivers as needed:
- KVM ([Virtio](https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/))
- XEN ([XEN](https://xenproject.org/windows-pv-drivers/), [Citrix](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/Upgrading_PV_drivers.html#win2008-citrix-upgrade), [AWS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/xen-drivers-overview.html))
- AWS ([ENA Network Adapter](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/enhanced-networking-ena.html), [NVMe Storage Controller](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/aws-nvme-drivers.html))
- GCP ([gVNIC Network Adapter](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic), [GGA Graphics](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display))
- Azure ([MANA Network Adapter](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/virtual-network/accelerated-networking-mana-windows))
3. Vista (Server 2008) and 32-bit systems may lack drivers.
4. For EFI machines without CSM enabled, Windows 7 (Server 2008 R2) cannot be installed.
5. If the machine has a static IP, the IP will be automatically set after installation.
6. Can bypass Windows 11 hardware restrictions.
7. Supports Windows 11 on ARM, exclusively for Hyper-V (Azure), not compatible with KVM (Oracle Cloud).
8. The process `wsappx` will occupy CPU for a long time after installing the image `zh-cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_033b7312.iso`.
#### Supported systems
This is an issue with the image, and the solution is to install the `VCLibs` library.
- Windows (Vista ~ 11)
- Windows Server (2008 ~ 2022)
- Windows Server Essentials
- Windows Server (Semi) Annual Channel
- Hyper-V Server
- Azure Stack HCI
<https://www.google.com/search?q=ltsc+wsappx>
#### The script will install the following drivers as needed
9. The following website provides iso links.
- KVM ([Virtio](https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/))
- XEN ([XEN](https://xenproject.org/windows-pv-drivers/), [Citrix](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/Upgrading_PV_drivers.html#win2008-citrix-upgrade), [AWS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/xen-drivers-overview.html))
- AWS ([ENA Network Adapter](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/enhanced-networking-ena.html), [NVMe Storage Controller](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/aws-nvme-drivers.html))
- GCP ([gVNIC Network Adapter](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic), [GGA Graphics](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display))
- Azure ([MANA Network Adapter](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/virtual-network/accelerated-networking-mana-windows))
<https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media.html> (Recommended, iso sourced from official channels, updated monthly, includes the latest patches)
> [!WARNING]
> Vista (Server 2008) and 32-bit systems may lack drivers.
<https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows8>
> [!WARNING]
> For EFI machines without CSM enabled, Windows 7 (Server 2008 R2) cannot be installed.
<https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10> (Need to open it with a mobile User-Agent)
> [!WARNING]
> Supports installation of Windows 11 on ARM machines, limited to Hyper-V (Azure) only, not supported on KVM (Oracle Cloud).
<https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows11>
## Virtualization Requirements
Not supported on OpenVZ, LXC virtual machines.
Please use <https://github.com/LloydAsp/OsMutation>.
## Default Passwords
| System | Username | Password |
| ------------- | -------------- | -------------- |
| Linux | root | 123@@@ |
| Windows (iso) | administrator | 123@@@ |
| Windows (dd) | Image username | Image password |
If encountering a password error during remote login to Windows, try using the username .\administrator.
## If the script cannot be downloaded under Windows
You can try the following methods:
1. Disable Windows Defender Real-time Protection.
2. For Windows 7, install this patch to enable TLS 1.2.
<https://aka.ms/easyfix51044>
3. Update SSL root certificates.
```batch
certutil -generateSSTFromWU root.sst
certutil -addstore Root root.sst
```
4. Download manually by copying these two files through `Remote Desktop Connection`.
<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat>
<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh>
> [!WARNING]
> In the Chinese version of Windows 10 LTSC 2021 ISO `zh-cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_033b7312.iso`, the `wsappx` process may indefinitely consume CPU resources.
>
> The solution is to update the system patches or manually install the `VCLibs` library <https://www.google.com/search?q=ltsc+wsappx>.
## Thanks